Gender has been a traditional factor of inequality and disparity in education, most often to the disadvantage of girls and women. Gender equality in education has traditionally been narrowly equated with gender parity at different levels of formal education. Main article: Sex differences in education The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), established by UNICEF in 1989, protects children's inalienable rights by setting standards for multiple issues, one of which is education. Other benefits, although more difficult to measure, include a beneficial impact on democracy, human rights, governance, and political stability through increased understanding of non-violent ways to solve problems and mutual understanding between groups in conflict. increased purchase power, increased productivity in traditional sectors, increased demand on service sectors).
longer life expectancy, accelerated demographic transition through better birth control) and the economy (e.g. lower spread of HIV/AIDS better vaccination prevention and medication of disease better nutrition lower maternal, infant, and child mortality), demography (e.g. Īn extensive number of studies have proven its benefits for public health (e.g. It is also included in the Millennium Development Goals as goal number 2: achieve universal primary education by 2015.
Universal basic education is regarded as a priority for developing countries and is the focus of the Education For All movement led by UNESCO. For statistical reasons, ISCED 1 is then considered to be the first six years of schooling. In other countries, where there is no break between primary and lower secondary education “basic education” covers the entire compulsory school period.
In most countries, ISCED 1 corresponds to the nationally designated primary education, and basic education includes that and also ISCED 2 lower secondary education (the lower level of secondary school). Each country interpreted the term in different ways, and leading up to the 2011 revision, a discussion paper was issued to seek clarification. Basic education featured heavily in the 1997 ISCED document, but the term was not included in the glossary.
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